Khaas Dalaail (Specific Evidences):
1. The narration of Anas (radiallah anhu):
Translation:
Mahmood (b. Ishaaq) narrated to us, (he) said: Al-Bukhari narrated to us, (he) said: Yahya b. Yusuf (Al-Zami) narrated to us, Ubaidullah (b. Amr al-Raqi) informed us, From Ayyub (b. Abi Tameemah As-Sakhtiyani), From Abu Qilabah (Abdullah b. Zayd Al-Jarmi), From Anas [radiallah anhu] that:
Verily the Prophet [peace be upon him] led his companions in prayer, thus when he finished his prayer, he said while facing towards them: “Do you recite in your prayer when the Imam is reciting?” thus they remained silent, so he [peace be upon him] asked this three times. Thus one or many people said: “Certainly we do so.” He [peace be upon him] said: “thus do not do so, and everyone of you should recite Surah Faatihah to your self (silently).”
Takhreej: ((Saheeh))
Daraqutni [340/1 H. 1273], and Baihaqi [Kitaab al-Qiraat: Pg 72 H.140] have narrated it from the chain of Yahya b. Yusuf Al-Zami; and Baihaqi [Sunan al-Kubra: 166/2] Ibn Hibbaan [Mawarid: 458, 459], and Abu Ya’la [Al-Musnad: 187, 188/5 H. 2805] have narrated it from the chain of Ubaidullah b. Amr al-Raqi.
Benefits:
The chain of this narration is rigorously authentic according to the principles of hadeeth. Al-Raqi is reliable according to the Jumhoor (Majority). It is not proven that Abu Qilabah Tabi’ee is a Mudallis. See: Kawakib al-Duriyyah (Pg 23), Al-Jarh wat-Ta’deel (58/5), Haafidh Ibn Hibban has classed it Mahfoodh (preserved), and Haithami has said that “all its narrators are Siqah (reliable)” [Majma Az-Zawaid: 110/2].
One narrator has narrated this narration as half-cut, [See: At-haaf al-Maharah: 76/2] regarding whose chain, Muta’assub Hanafi Ainee said: “It is Saheeh on the conditions set by Al-Bukhari” [See: Amaani al-Ahbaar: 147/3] whereas this chain is narrated from: “Ubaidullah b. Amr, From Ayyub, From Abu Qilabah, From Anas” [Amaani al-Ahbaar Sharh Ma’ani al-Athaar].
When Ahle-Hadeeth present the same chain in which the permissibility of reciting Faatihah behind the Imam is mentioned, then according to the Munkireen of Faatihah Khalf ul-Imam, Ubaidullah in its chain becomes “Wahmi, and erroneous”, and Abu Qilabah becomes Mudallis. This indicates that just like the nation of Shu’ayb [alaihissalam], their criteria for selling and buying is also different.
2. The narration of a Sahaabi:
Translation:
Al-Bukhari narrated to us, (he) said: ‘Abdaan (Abdullah ibn Uthmaan) narrated to us, (he) said: Yazeed ibn Zuray’’ narrated to us, (he) said: Khaalid (Al-Khadaa) narrated to us, From Abu Qilabah (Abdullah ibn Zayd al-Jarmi), From Ibn Abi Aisha: He narrated
from one (Sahabi) who was present (with the Prophet peace be upon him): He [radiallah anhu] said:
The prophet [peace be upon him] led a prayer, when he finished the prayer, (so) he said: “Do you recite when the Imam is reciting?”, so they (Companions) said: “Yes! We do”, He [peace be upon him] said: “Don’t do that, except that everyone of you should recite Surah Faatihah to himself (silently)”.
Takhreej: ((Saheeh))
This narration is narrated with a small difference in words by Daraqutni [340/1 Under H. 272, briefly], Baihaqi [Al-Sunan: 166/2, Kitaab al-Qiraat: Pg 75, 76 H, 156, 157, Ma’rifat as-Sunan wal Athaar: 53, 540/2 H. 921], Abdur Razzaq [Al-Musannaf: 127, 128/2 H. 2766], Ahmed ibn Hanbal [236/4 H. 18238, 60/5, 81, 410 H. 20876, 21046, 23877], from the chain of Khaalid al-Khadaa.
Benefits:
Haafidh Ibn Hajar [rahimahullah] said: “Its chain is Hasan” [Al-Talkhees al-Khabeer: 231/1 H. 344], Ibn Khuzaymah has taken evidence from it [Kitaab al-Qiraat by Al-Baihaqi Pg 76], Ibn Hibban has called it “Mahfoodh (Preserved)” [Al-Ihsaan: 164/3 H. 1849], Imam Baihaqi has criticized it in one place, but in Ma’rifat as-Sunan Wal Athaar, he said: “Its chain is Saheeh” [54/2 H. 921].
All the narrators of this narration are Siqaah (reliable). The companions of the prophet [peace be upon him] are all reliable, there is no harm if their name is not known. See: Bazal al-Majhood (133/3), Kawakib al-Duriyyah (26, 28). Therefore Naimwi Hanafi (Athaar as-Sunan: H. 356) and his Muqallideen (Blind Followers), declaring it to be Da’eef (Weak) is wrong. Naimwi [Athaar as-Sunan H. 263] himself has narrated the saying of Haafidh Ibn Hajar regarding the hadith of “AN Amra’at min Bani Al-Najjar” that its chain is Hasan, as a proof. For more details see: Anwar as-Sunan by Shaikh Zubair Ali Zai (Pg 72).
Khaalid al-Khadaa narrated this narration from before his Ikhtilaat. And the accusation of Tadlees on Abu Qilabah is invalid, and the additional point of benefit on this is that he heard this narration from Muhammad ibn Abi Aisha.
3. Naafi’ b. Mahmood (Tabi’ee) narrates from Ubadah b. As-Saamit (Sahabi) [radiallah anhu] that the Messenger of Allah [peace be upon him] said (to his Muqtadis/Followers):
((Do not recite anything, except Surah Faatihah, because there is no prayer for the one who does not recite it.)) [Kitaab al-Qira’at by Al-Baihaqi: Pg 64 H. 121, Chain Hasan, authenticated by Al-Baihaqi]
In one chain the following words are present:
Translation:
Mahmood (ibn Ishaaq) narrated to us, Al-Bukhari narrated to us, (he) said: Hisham ibn Ammar narrated to us, (he said), Sadaqah ibn Khalid narrated to us, Zayd ibn Waaqid narrated to us, from Hiraam ibn Hakeem, and Makhool (Ash-Shaami), from [Ibn] Rabi’ah Al-Ansaari, from Ubadah Ibn As-Saamit [radiallah anhu] that:
He was in Elia (a place in Sham), one day Ubadah reached for the morning prayer belatedly for some reason, so Abu Nu’aym (Mu’ezzin) started (leading) the prayer after saying the Iqamah. He (Abu Nu’aym) is the one who first gave the Azaan (call to prayer) in Bayt al-Muqaddas (The sacred House). Thus I came along with Naafi’, and Ubadah [radiallah anhu], people had already straighten up the rows, and Abu Nu’aym was reciting out loud, so Ubadah [radiallah anhu] recited Surah Faatihah, until I heard it entirely. When he finished his prayer, I asked him: ‘I heard you reciting Surah Faatihah’ (What proof do you have for this?), He said: Yes! Prophet [peace be upon him] led us the prayer from the prayers in which the recitation is done out loud, so He [peace be upon him] said: ‘When the recitation is done out loud, no one should read anything other than Surah Faatihah’.
Takhreej: ((Hasan))
Imam Bukhari has also narrated it in his book “Khalq Af’aal al-Ibaad” (Pg 102 H 526) with the same chain and text. Daraqutni (320/1 H. 1207), and Baihaqi (Al-Sunan: 165/2) have narrated it from the chain of Sadaqah ibn Khaalid, while Abu Dawood (824), Nasaai (141/2 H. 921), and Daraqutni (319/1 H. 1204) have narrated it from the chain of Zayd ibn Waaqid, with a little difference. Imam Daraqutni said: “This chain is Hasan, all the narrators are Siqaah (reliable)”; and in Kitaab al-Qiraat (Pg 64 H. 121), he said that: “This chain is Saheeh, and its narrators are Siqaah (reliable)”.
Benefits:
Its narrator, Naafi ibn Mahmood is Siqaah (reliable) according to Daraqutni, Haakim, Dhahabi (Al-Kaashif: 197/3), Baihaqi, Ibn Hazam (Al-Muhalla: 241, 242/3), Ibn Hibban, and others. The criticizm on him, of being a Mjahool (unknown) is baseless. See: Kawakib al-Duriyyah (Pg 32, 33). Hiraam ibn Hakeem (Siqaah) has done the Mutabi’at of Makhool. At the end of the Hasan narration of Kitaab al-Qiraat by Al-Baihaqi (Pg 161), these words are also present: “Don’t do that (recite) except Surah Faatihah, for there is no prayer for the one who does not recite it”. This proves the obligation of Surah Faatihah. Walhamdulillah
4. The narration of Abdullah b. Amr b. Al-Aas [radiallah anhu]:
Translation:
Mahmood (ibn Ishaaq) narrated to us, (he) said: Al-Bukhari narrated to us, (he) said: Shujaa’ ibn Al-Waleed (Abu Al-Layth al-Bukhari) narrated to us, (he) said: Nadar (ibn Muhammad al-Yamani) narrated to us, (he) said: Ikrikmah (ibn Ammar) narrated to us, (he) said: Amr ibn Sa’d narrated to us, from Amr ibn Shu’ayb, he from his father
(Shu’yab ibn Muhammad), from his grandfather (Abdullah ibn Amr ibn Al’Aas), he said: The Messenger of Allah [peace be upon him] said:
“Do you recite behind me? They (Sahaba) said: ‘Yes! We recite hurriedly’, He [peace be upon him] said: Do not recite anything other than Surah Faatihah”.
Takhreej: ((Hasan))
Its chain is Hasan; Baihaqi has narrated it with the chain of Nadar ibn Muhammad, from Ikrimah ibn Ammar. [Kitaab al-Qiraat Pg 79 H. 167]. See: Kawakib al-Duriyyah (Pg 35-37). Shajaa ibn Al-Waleed is the narrator of Sahih Bukhari (Vol 2 Pg 601 H. 4186). Abbas ibn Abdul Azeem has done his Mutab’iat (support/ strengthen his position). [Kitaab al-Qiraat by Al-Baihaqi: H 167], For more Shawaahid (supporting evidences) of this hadith see: Al-Musnad al-Jaami (59, 60/8 H. 5542, 5543, with the Tahqeeq of Shaikh Zubair). There are two such narrators in this chain which are accused for Tadlees by some later Muhadditheen, and the reasonn for it is that they narrate from Book. If a book is reliable then according to the principles of Hadith, it is permissible to narrate from it. See: Ikhtisaar Uloom al-Hadith by Ibn Katheer [Published by Darussalam: Pg 121, 125], therefore the accusation of Tadlees is mardood (rejected). Haafidh Ibn Hajar said regarding the narration from a book that: “And it is not contrary to Intiqa (disconnection)” [Tahdheeb at-Tahdheeb: 269/2 Tarjama: Hasan al-Basri]. The same thing has been said by Haafidh Ibn As-Salaah before Haafidh Ibn Hajar. See:
Jaami al-Tahseel (Pg 165). It is written in Muqaddimah ibn As-Salaah (Pg 421) that: “And many people of knowledge have taken evidence from his (Amr ibn Shu’ayb) hadith (from his father, from his grandfather)”. See: Under H. 10.
5. The narration of Muhammad b. Ishaaq narrated from Makhool, From Mahmood b. ar-Rabee’ [radiallah anhu], From Ubadah [radiallah anhu] from the Apostle of Allah [peace be upon him]:
Translation:
Mahmood (b. Ishaaq) narrated to us, (he) said: Al-Bukhari narrated to us, (he) said: Qutaybah (b. Sa’eed) narrated to us, (he) said: Muhammad b. Abi Adee narrated to us, From Muhammad b. Ishaaq (b. Yasaar), From Makhool (Ash-Shaami), From Mahmood (b. Rabee’) [radiallah anhu], From Ubadah b. as-Saamit [radiallah anhu] that:
The Prophet [peace be upon him] (once) led us the dawn prayer, so the recitation became difficult for him.
Thus he [peace be upon him] said: “I see that you recite behind your Imam?” (Ubadah radiallah anhu) said: We said: “Yes, O Messenger of Allah!” He [peace be upon him] said: “Thus do not do so, except Surah Faatihah, for verily there is not prayer for the one who does not recite it.”
Takhreej: ((Saheeh))
This hadeeth is Saheeh with its shawaahid.
Muhammad b. Ishaaq is Hasan ul-Hadeeth and Siqah according to the Jumhoor. ‘Alaa b. Haarith has done his Mutabi’ah (Support). [See: Kitaab al-Qira’at by Al-Baihaqi Pg 62 H. 115, and Al-Kawakib al-Duriyah: Pg 46]
It is not proven that Makhool is a Mudallis. [See: Tabaqaat al-Mudalliseen with my (Shaikh Zubayr) Tahqeeq: 3/108]
Only Ibn Hibbaan and Dhahabi have declared him Mudallis. They both used to consider Irsaal also to be Tadlees. [See: Ath-Thaqaat by Ibn Hibbaan: 98/6, Al-Mawqazat by Adh-Dhahabi: Pg 47, Mizaan ul-I’tidaal: 326/2]
Therefore, until when another Muhaddith does not do their Mutabi’ah, or until when there is no clear evidence, it will not be accepted from them.
6. It is narrated from Mu’awiyah b. Al-Hakam Al-Salmi [radiallah anhu] that the Apostle of Allah [peace be upon him] said to them (to the Muqtadis):
((Talking to persons is not fitting during the prayer, for it consists of glorifying Allah, declaring his Greatness, and recitation of the Qur’an.)) [Saheeh Muslim: 537, Juzz al-Qira’at: 69, 70, and Al-Kawakib al-Duriyah: Pg 49]
A Muqtadi recites (Surah Faatihah from the) Quraan, just as he reads Tasbeeh, and Takbeer in the Prayer.
7. A hadeeth is narrated by Abdullah b. Amr b. Al-Aas [radiallah anhu], the summary of which is that:
((He used to recite behind the Apostle of Allah [peace be upon him], when he used to be silent (during the pauses), and when he [peace be upon him] was reciting, he would remain silent.)) [Kitaab al-Qira’at by Al-Baihaqi: Pg 126 H. 301, Chain Hasan, Al-Kawakib al-Duriyah: Pg 48]
8. The narration of Abu Hurayrah [radiallah anhu]:
[Juzz al-Qira’at: 113, Chain Saheeh]
Translation:
Mahmood (ibn Ishaaq) narrated to us, (he) said: Al-Bukhari narrated to us, (he) said: Musaddad (ibn Masarhad) narrated to us, (he) said: Yahya ibn Sa’eed (Al-Qattan) narrated to us, From Ubaydullah (ibn Umar al-Umri), He) said: Sa’eed (ibn Kaisaan) Al-Maqburi narrated to me, From his Father (Kaisaan, Abu Sa’eed al-Maqburi), From Abu Hurayrah [radiallah anhu], From the Prophet [peace be upon him] that:
[He peace be upon him said:] “When the Iqamah for the prayer is established, say Takbeer, then recite, then bow”.
Note: Iqamah is only called in a congregational prayer!
Takhreej: ((Saheeh))
9. It is narrated from Rafa’ah b. Raafi’ Al-Zarqi [radiallah anhu] that the Apostle of Allah [peace be upon him] said:
((When the Iqamah for the Prayer is established, say takbeer, then recite Surah Faatihah and whatever is easy for you, then bow.)) [Sharh as-Sunnah by Al-Baghawi: Vol 3 Pg 10 H. 554 and he said: This hadeeth is Hasan.]
Here, the phrase “and whatever is easy for you” is related to the silent prayers, not the loud prayers. See: The passed H. 3. It should be understood that “and whatever is easy for you” is not compulsory even in the silent prayers. See: Juzz al-Qira’at: 8.
From the Athaar of Sahaabah:
1. The Fatwa of Umar bin al-Khattaab (radiallah anhu):
[Juzz al-Qira’at: 51, Saheeh]
Translation:
Mahmood (ibn Ishaaq Al-Khaza’ee) narrated to us, Al-Bukhari narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Yoosuf (Al-Bukhari al-Baykandi) told us, Sufyan (ibn Uyainah) narrated to us, from Sulemaan (ibn Abi Sulemaan Feroz) ash-Shaybani, from Jawab at-Teemi, from Yazeed ibn Shareek that: I asked Umar ibn Al-Khattab [radiallah anhu]: “Should I recite behind the Imam?”, He said: “Yes”, I asked: “O Ameerul Mu’mineen! Even when you are reciting?” He said: “(yes) Even when I am reciting”
Takhreej: ((Saheeh))
This narration is present in the book of Imam Bukhari, Taareekh al-Kabeer (340/8 H. 3239), with the same chain and text. Ibn Abi Shaybah [373/1 H. 3748, and in it, it says: “Khawaat” while the correct is “Jawab”], Daraqutni [317/1 H. 1197, 1198] Tahawi [Ma’ani al-Athaar 218, 219/1], Haakim [239/1], Baihaqi [Al-Sunan: 67/2 and Kitaab al-Qiraat Pg 91, H. 188, 189], and Abdur Razzaq [Al-Musannaf: 131/2 H. 2776] have narrated it from the chain of Yazeed ibn Shareek. Imam Haakim, Dhahabi, and Daraqutni have classed it Saheeh. The narrator, “Jawab at-Teemi” is the teacher of Abu Haneefah and a Siqqah narrator according to the Jamhoor (Majority) of Muhadditheen. [See: Tahdheeb al-Kamaal 467/3], therefore he is Saheeh in Hadith. The accusation of
Irjaa on him has nothing to do with the narration of hadeeth. Haafidh Ibn Hajar [rahimahullah] said: “He was truthful, and was inclined towards Irjaa” [Taqreeb at-Tahdheeb: 984]. Sarfaraz Khan Safdar Deobandi has written that: “In the light of the principles of hadith, a siqqaah narrator, being a Kharji or Jahmi, Mu’tazalee or Murji’ee, does not affect his Thaqaahat (reliability)……” [Ahsan al-Kalaam: Vol 1 Pg 30]. According to Master Ameen Okarwi, the criticizm of being a Bid’ati (Innvoator), Shi’ah, Murji’ee, on a narrator is not a proof of his narration being rejected. [See: Tajalliyat Safdar Vol 2 Pg 97, 98]. In fact the hadith of a Sudooq (Truthful) is Hasan Lidhatih according to Ameen Okarvi. [See: Tajaliyyat Safdar Vol 4 Pg 19, 20]
The criticzm of Abdullah ibn Numayr on the above answer is not proven with an authentic chain. In Kaamil Ibn Adee (599/2) the narrator of this criticizm, Muhammad ibn Ishaaq, is not clarified at all. In Mustadrak Al-Haakim etc, Haarith Ibn Suweed (Siqqah) has done the Mutabi’at of this Jarh (Criticizm). In Musannaf Abdur Razzaq (131/2 H. 2777), it also has a Da’eef Shahid (Supporting evidence).
In Mustadrak Al-Haakim etc, it has been clarified that Umar [radiallah anhu] said: “Recite Surah Faatihah” [Al-Kawakib al-Duriyyah: Pg 63, 64]
Therefore in the above narration, what is meant by “Recitation” is the recitation of “Faatihah”.
Some people have written that Umar [radiallah anhu] said to Naafi’ and Anas Ibn Sireen that: “The recitation of the Imam is enough for you” [With reference to Ibn Abi Shaybah: 376/1 H. 3784].
Anas ibn Sireen was born in 33, or 34 Hijri. [Tahdheeb at-Tahdheeb: 374/1
And Umar [radiallah anhu] got martyred in 23 H. [Taqreeb at-Tahdheeb: 4888]
Naafi’ did not meet Umar [radiallah anhu]. [At-Haaf al-Maharah by Ibn Hajar: 386/12, Before H. 15810].
So this narration is Munqati’, therefore, the saying “He said to them” is wrong.
Abdur Razzaq [138/2 H. 2806] has narrated from Muhammad ibn Ajlaan that Umar ibn Al-Khattab [radiallah anhu] said: “I wish, May the face of one who recites behind the Imam be filled with Stone”
Muhammad ibn Ajlaan was born after the death of Umar [radiallah anhu], therefore this narration is Munqati’. The narration of Muhammad ibn Ajlaan has also been narrated by Muhammad ibn al-Hassan ash-Shaybani (Liar) in Kitaab al-Hujja Ala Ahl Al-Madeenah (121/1).
The narration of Moosa ibn Uqbah [Abdur Razzaq: H. 2810] is also Munqati’, and the narrator narrating from Moosa, “Abdur Rahmaan ibn Zayd ibn Aslam” is Severely Weak. See: Under H. 25. And a Munqati’ narration is Da’eef with the agreement of all the Scholars. [See: Tayseer Mustalah al-Hadeeth Pg 78]. The reason for it is that the missing narrator in it is Majhool al-Haal.
2. The Fatwa of Abu Hurayrah (radiallah anhu):
[Juzz al-Qira’at:11 and Saheeh Muslim: 395]
Translation:
Mahmood (b. Ishaaq) narrated to us, (he) said: Al-Bukhaari narrated to us, (he) said: Umaiyyah b. Khaalid narrated to us, (he) said: Yazeed b. Zuray’ narrated to us, From Rooh b. al-Qaasim, From al-‘Alaa (b. Abdur Rahmaan b. Ya’qoob) From his Father (Abdur Rahmaan b. Ya’qoob), From Abu Hurayrah [radiallah anhu] From the Prophet [peace be upon him]:
The Prophet [peace be upon him] said: Whoever performs the prayers, and does not recite Surah Fatihah (in it), then it (prayer) is defective. He [peace be upon him] said this three times. It is incomplete.
I (Abdur Rahman bin Ya’qoob) said: “O Abu Hurayrah [radiallah anhu]: I am (also) behind the Imam? [Meaning: What is the ruling when I am behind the Imam?], so Abu Hurayrah [radiallah anhu] said: “O Son of Al-Faarsi! Read it to your self (while moving the lips in a silent tone), I have heard the Messenger of Allah [peace be upon him] saying: Allah says that: “I have divided the prayer between me and my Slave in two halves, thus, the first half of it is for me, and the other half for my slave, and whatever my Slave asks me for, will be given to him
The Prophet [peace be upon him] said: “Read, (When) The slave says: {{Alhamdulillahi Rabbil Alameen}}, Allah replies: “My slave praised me”, (When) the slave says: {{Ar-Rahmaanir Raheem}}, Allah replies: “My slave applaused me”, (When) the slave says: {{Maalik yaumid-deen}}, Allah replies: “My slave expressed my greatness (Tamjeed), this is for me”, (When) the slave says: {{Iyyaka Na’budu Wa Iyyaka Nasta’een}}, Allah says: “this Ayah is divided in two halves between me and my slave”, and when the slave says: {{Ihdina as-Siraata}} to the end of the Surah, (so Allah) replies: “This is for my slave, and whatever my slave has asked for, will be given to him”.
Takhreej: ((Saheeh)).
Imam Baihaqi (Kitaab al-Qiraat Pg 38, ZH. 68) has also narrated it with the chain of Yazeed bin Zuray’. Its chain is Saheeh, and the real one is present in Sahih Muslim. [See this book, H. 71, 74, 76, 79, 261]
Abu Hurayrah (radiallah anhu) also said:
When the Imam recites Surah Faatihah, thus you recite it too, and finish it before him. [Juzz al-Qira’at: 283, Chain Saheeh]
It is narrated in one narration that a questioner asked:
What should I do when the Imam is reciting out loud? Abu Hurayrah [radiallah anhu] replied:
“Recite it to your self (silently).” [Juzz al-Qira’at: 73 Chain Hasan, and Saheeh with its Shawaahid]
3. The Fatwa of Abu Sa’eed Al-Khudri [radiallah anhu]
[Juzz al-Qira’at: 11, 105, Chain Hasan. Al-Kawakib al-Duriyah: Pg 68, 69]
Translation:
Mahmood (ibn Ishaaq) narrated to us, (he) said: Al-Bukhari narrated to us, (he) said: Musaddad (ibn Masarhad) narrated to us, (he) said: Yahya ibn Sa’eed (Al-Qattaan) narrated to us, From Awwaam ibn Hamzah Al-Mazani, (he) said: Abu Nadrah (Mundhir ibn Maalik) narrated to us, (he) said:
I asked Abu Sa’eed al-Khudri [radiallah anhu] regarding the recitation behind the Imam, so he said: “Surah Faatihah should be recited”.
4. Ubaadah b. As-Saamit [radiallah anhu] said after reciting Surah Faatihah behind the Imam, that:
“Yes, Verily there is no prayer without it [Faatihah].” [Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaibah: 375/1 H. 3770, Chain Saheeh]
For more Athaar of Ubaadah [radiallah anhu], See: Juzz al-Qira’at: 65, and others.
Sarfaraaz Khaan Safdar Deobandi wrote:
“This is absolutely true that Ubaadah [radiallah anhu] was of the view to recite Surah Faatihah behind the Imam, and this is his tahqeeq, his way, and his Maslak.” [Ahsan ul-Kalaam: 142/2, and Al-Kawakib al-Duriyyah: Pg 13]
Some Deobandis feel very outraged on Ubaadah [radiallah anhu] and Mahmood b. Ar-Rabee’ [radiallah anhu] due to the issue of Faatihah Khalf Al-Imam. Here are a few examples for this:
- Hussain Ahmed Madani Tandawi Deobandi said:
“Ubaadah [radiallah anhu] has narrated this hadeeth with the expression”AN”, while he is a Mudallis, and ‘An’ana of a Mudallis is not acceptable.” [Tozeeh Tirmidhi: Pg 436 Pub. By Madani Mission Book Depot]
He also said:
“Because the narrator of some of them is Ubaadah, who is a Mudallis” [Same: Pg 437]
Whereas, Ubaadah [radiallah anhu] is the famous Badri Companion (One who participated in the war of Badr), and accusing the Sahabah of being Mudallis is extremely wrong and Baatil. It should be kept in mind that the Mursal narrations of the Sahabah are also acceptable.
- Muhammad Hussain Naylwi Deobandi Mamati wrote:
“Abu Nu’aym is the Kuniyah of Mahmood b. Ar-Rabee’.” [A’dal al-Kalaam: Pg 29 Pub. Gulistaan Vol 5 Shumara: 12]
He further said:
“It should be known that Abu Nu’aym Mahmood b. Ar-Rabee’ is Mudallis….” [Same: Pg 23]
- Master Ameen Okarvi said:
“And this Ubaadah is Majhool ul-Haal. (Mizaan al-I’tidaal)” [Tajalliyaat Safdar Pub. By Asha’t al-Uloom Al-Hanafiyah Faisalabad Vol 3 Pg 152, and Juzz al-Qira’at with Comments of Ameen Okarvi: Pg 131 Under H. 150]
It should be kept in mind that the reference of Mizaan al-I’tidaal regarding Ubaadah [radiallah anhu] is a blatant lie of Mr. Okarvi. There is no verdict of Ubaadah b. as-Saamit [radiallah anhu] being Majhool present in Mizaan al-I’tidaal, walhamdulillah.
5. Abdullah b. Abbaas [radiallah anhu] said:
“Recite Surah Faatihah behind the Imam.” [Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaibah: Vol 1 Pg 375 H. 3773, Saheeh, Al-Kawakib al-Duriyah: Pg 70, 71]
6. Anas [radiallah anhu] was of the view to recite Surah Faatihah behind the Imam, and also of the view to recite one Surah (in the silent prayer). Thaabit b. Aslam al-Banani (Tabi’ee) said:
He (Anas) used to command us to recite (Faatihah) behind the Imam. [Kitaab al-Qira’at by Al-Baihaqi: Pg 101 H. 231, and Al-Kawakib al-Duriyah: Pg 73, Chain Hasan]
7. Abdullah b. Amr b. Al-Aas [radiallah anhu] used to recite (Surah Maryam) behind the Imam (in Zuhr and Asr). [Juzz al-Qira’at: 60 etc, Al-Kawakib al-Duriyah: Pg 74, 75]
8. It is narrated from Jaabir b. Abdullah Al-Ansaari [radiallah anhu] that:
“We used to recite Surah Faatihah and another Surah behind the Imam in the first two rak’ahs, and Surah Faatihah (only) in the other two rak’ahs of Zuhr and Asr prayers.” [Ibn Maja: 843, Chain Saheeh, Authenticated by Al-Busayri]
9. The Practice of Ubay b. Ka’b [radiallah anhu]:
Translation:
Mahmood (ibn Ishaaq) narrated to us, (he said) Al-Bukhari narrated to us, (he) said: Maalik ibn Isma’eel (Al-Hindi Abu Ghusaan) narrated to us, said: Ziyaad (ibn Abdullah) Al-Bakaai narrated to us, from Abu Farwah (Al-Koofi Muslim ibn Saalim Al-Hindi Al-Jahni), from Abul Mugheerah (Abdullah ibn Abil Hazeel Al-Koofi al-Ghazni), from Ubay Ibn Ka’b [radiallah anhu] that: “He used to recite (Faatihah) behind the Imam”
Takhreej: ((Hasan))
Imam Baihaqi has narrated it in Kitaab al-Qiraat (Pg 94 H. 199) from Imam Bukhari.
Benefit:
Ziyaad ibn Abdullah Al-Bakaai is Siqqah (reliable) and Sudooq (truthful) according to the Jamhoor (Majority) of Muhadditheen. [Al-Kawakib al-Durriyah: Pg 76] Therefore he is Hasan ul-Hadith. All the other narrators are reliable. It also has an excellent Shaahid in Juz al-Qira’at.
For more athaar apart from these, see: Kitaab al-Qira’at By Al-Baihaqi etc.
From the Athaar of Tabi’een:
1. In answer to the question: “Should I recite behind the Imam?”, Sa’eed b. Jubayr [rahimahullah] replied: “Yes, Even when you are listening to his recitation.” [Juzz al-Qira’at: 273, Chain Hasan]
He said in another narration: “It is necessary that you recite Surah Faatihah behind the Imam.” [Musannaf Abdur Razzaq: 133/2 H. 2789, and Tozeeh al-Kalaam: Vol 1 Pg 530, and Kitaab al-Qiraat by Al-Baihaqi: 237, Abdur Razzaq has clarified to have it heard]
2. Hassan Basri [rahimahullah] said:
“Recite Surah Faatihah behind the Imam to yourself (Silently) in every Prayer.” [Kitaab al-Qira’at by Al-Baihaq: Pg 105 H. 242, and Al-Sunan al-Kubra of him: 171/2, Chain Saheeh, Tozeeh ul-Kalaam: 538/1, Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah: 374/1 H. 3762]
3. Aamir Ash-Sha’bee said:
Recite Surah Faatihah and another Surah behind the Imam in Zuhr and Asr prayers, and recite Surah Faatihah (only) in the last two rak’ahs. [Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah: Vol 1 Pg 374 H. 3764, Chain Saheeh]
Imam Sha’bi [rahimahullah] used to consider it good to recite behind the Imam. [Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah: Vol 1 Pg 375 H. 3772, Chain Saheeh]
4. Ubaydullah b. Abdullah b. Utbah [rahimahullah] used to recite (Faatihah) behind the Imam. [Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah: 373/1 H. 3750, Chain Saheeh]
5. Abu Al-Maleeh Usaamah b. Umayr [rahimahullah], used to recite Surah Faatihah behind the Imam. [Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah: 375/1 H. 3768, Chain Saheeh, and Juzz al-Qira’at: 46]
6. Hakam b. Utaybah [rahimahullah] said:
“Recite Surah Faatihah and another Surah in the first two rak’ahs of the prayer in which the recitation is not done out loud, and recite Surah Faatihah (only) in the last two rak’ahs.” [Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah: 374/1 H. 3766, Chain Saheeh, Tozeeh al-Kalaam: Vol 1 Pg 555]
7. Urwah b. Az-Zubayr [radiallah anhu] used to recite (Faatihah, and More than that) behind the Imam in the silent prayers. [Muwatta Imam Maalik: 85/1 H. 186, Chain Saheeh]
8. Qaasim b. Muhammad [rahimahullah] used to recite (Faatihah and something more) behind the Imam in Silent prayers. [Muwatta Imam Maalik: 85/1 H. 187, Chain Saheeh]
9. Naafi’ b. Jubayr b. Mut’am [rahimahullah] used to recite (Faatihah and something more) behind the Imam in silent prayers.
From the Athaar of the Scholars:
1. Imam Muhammad b. Ibraaheem b. Al-Mundhir Al-Nisaburi [rahimahullah] (D. 318 H) was of the view to recite in the pauses of the Imam. [See: Al-Awsat by Ibn al-Mundhir (Vol 3 Pg 110, 111]
2. Imam Awzaa’ee [rahimahullah] has commanded to recite behind the Imam in the loud prayers. Imaam Awzaa’ee said:
“It is binding upon the Imam that he should have one pause in the beginning of the prayer after the First Takbeer, and another pause after the recitation of Surah Faatihah, so that the people praying behind him may recite Surah Faatihah; and if it is not possible then he (Muqtadi/Follower) should recite Surah Faatihah with him, and finish reciting it hurriedly, then listen attentively”.
[See: Juzz al-Qira’at, Under: 66, and Kitaab al-Qira’at by Baihaqi: 247, Chain Saheeh, and Tozeeh al-Kalaam: Vol 1 Pg 556]
3. Imam Shafi’ee said:
No one’s prayer is valid, if he doesn’t recite Surah Faatihah in each rak’ah whether he is Imam, or Muqtadi, whether the Imam is reciting out loud or silently. It is necessary for the Muqtadi to recite Surah Faatihah in the silent and aloud (both the prayers). [Juzz al-Qira’at: Under 226, Ma’rifat as-Sunan wal Athaar by Baihaqi: Vol 2 Pg 58 H. 928, Chain Saheeh]
The narrator of this saying, Rabee’ b. Sulemaan Al-Maraadi said:
“This is the last saying of Imam Shafi’ee that was heard.” [Same]
In opposition to this last saying, no other abbreviated or vague saying from Kitaab al-Umm etc will be considered reliable; rather it will be considered Mansookh due to this unambiguous saying.
4. Imam Abdullah b. Al-Mubaarak [rahimahullah] was of the view to recite behind the Imam. Imam Tirmidhi said:
“He (meaning: Ibn al-Mubarak) was of the view to recite behind the Imam.” [Sunan Tirmidhi: 311]
In Kitaab al-Illal [Published by Darussalam: Pg 889], Imam Tirmidhi [rahimahullah] has mentioned those authentic chains through whom the fiqhi sayings of Imam Abdullah b. Al-Mubaarak [rahimahullah] have reached him. There is not a single Da’eef chain in it.
5. Imam Ishaaq b. Rahway [rahimahullah] was of the view to recite behind the Imam. [Sunan Tirmidhi: H. 311, and Kitaab al-Illal: Pg 889]
6. Imam Bukhari [rahimahullah] was also of the view to recite (Faatihah) behind the Imam in aloud and silent prayers, for which his book “Juzz al-Qira’at”, and Saheeh Bukhaari [H 788] are witnesses.
7. Imam Muhammad b. Ishaaq b. Khuzaymah al-Nisaburi [rahimahullah] (D. 311 H) was also of the view to recite behind the Imam in aloud prayers. [See: Saheeh Ibn Khuzaymah: Vol 3 Pg 36 Chapter: Al-Qiraat Khalf al-Imam wa inna Jahar al-Imam bil Qiraat: Before H. 1581]
8. Imam Ibn Hibbaan al-Busti [rahimahullah] was also of the view to recite behind the Imam. [See: Saheeh Ibn Hibban, Al-Ihsaan: Vol 3 Pg 142 Before H. 1791]
9. Imam Baihaqi [rahimahullah] was also of the view to recite behind the Imam, for which his books, “Kitaab al-Qira’at Khalf al-Imam”, Al-Sunan al-Kubra, and Ma’rifat as-Sunan wal Athaar are the excellent witnesses.
From all these references, we came to know that, the recitation (of Faatihah) behind the Imam is proven from: (1) The Apostle of Allah [peace be upon him], (2) Sahabah [radiallah anhum], (3) Tabi’een, and (4) The reliable Scholars of Islaam, from their sayings as well as from their actions. Therefore this saying and action is neither against the Quraan, nor Hadeeth, nor Ijmaa walhamdulillah.
The meaning of the narrations in which the abstinence from the recitation, and the order “to remain silent (Insaat)” is mentioned, is that:
- Recitation should not be done very loudly behind the Imam. (Interrupting the Imam to correct him is the exception)
- Nothing should be recited apart from Surah Faatihah in aloud prayers. (The Opening Takbeer, Ta’ooz before Faatihah, and correcting the Imam, are the exceptions)
With this reconciliation, all the evidences can be followed, and there remains no contradiction. And every person can understand that the way in which Quraan, Hadeeth, Ijmaa, and the Athaar of Salaf all can be followed, and in which no
contradiction remains, is the best way. The act of some people, who put conflictions between the evidences of the Shari’aah, is wrong and condemnable.
Imam Ibn Abdul Barr (D. 463 H) said:
“And verily there is the consensus of all the scholars that the Prayer of the one who recites (Surah Faatihah) behind the Imam is complete (Valid), and it is not binding upon him to repeat it. [Al-Istadhkaar: 193/2, Al-Kawakib al-Duriyah: Pg 52]
Molvi Abdul Hay Lakhnawi Hanafi has written very clearly and openly that:
The prohibition of reciting Faatihah behind the Imam is not proven from any Marfoo’ Saheeh hadeeth, and whatever Marfoo’ ahadeeth they (the opposers of Faatihah Khalf al-Imam) mention are not Saheeh, and there is no basis for them. [Al-Ta’leeq al-Mumjad: Pg 101 Haashiah: 1, Al-Kawakib al-Duriyah: Pg 53]
And Allah is the source of strength
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